Bureau of Indian Affairs Records Rolls The BIA gathered, collected, and created numerous rolls involving American Indians to identify members of various tribes and bands, including Freedmen. When the Indian captives arrived at Fort Marion, Lieutenant (later Captain) Richard Pratt had the prisoners hair cut and issued them European-style clothing. When we talk about native or indigenous art we often think of rock art. Flagler also conducted a symposium at the school in November covering numerous topics related to the warriors imprisoned during the 1870s. Also included in the group were a number of wives and children who had refused to be separated from their families. Buffalo Chase Wohaw, Beef, Wolf Robe or Gu hau de (Kiowa), drawn between 1875 and 1878 at Fort Marion, Florida. Potawatomi Iowa, and Sauk and Fox Indians: Shoshoni (Shoshoni and Arapahoe Indians): Sisseton (Sisseton and Wahpeton Sioux Indians): 1929 (transmittal letter and recapitulation), 1932 (with birth and death rolls, 1926-32), Southern Utah (Shivwits or Shebits and Kaibab Indians), Southern Ute (Ute and Jicarilla Apache Indians), Taholah: (Quinaielt, Chehalis, Nisqualli, Skokomish, and Traders, store-keepers, missionaries, and government workers all carried these small, sketchbook-sized record books with them in their journeys across America. The book was seized by army officers as a war trophy, and it now sits in the New York Natural History Museum. The Kiowa camp below is at rest; tribesmen welcome the scout's return and warning. Fort Marion and Carlisle General Pratt and a young student. The ledger is a lined accounting book and was a common source of paper for Native American artists. The Fort Marion material includes the work of seven artists. Seminole Incarceration - U.S. National Park Service Indians, and Potawatomi Indians): 1931, 1932 (with birth and death rolls, 1924-32), (Lac du Flambeau, Bad River, Lac Courte Oreilles, Red Cliff He died of tuberculosis in 1880. Colville, Spokan, Coeur d'Alene, Lake, Nespelem, Eventually, the families of Geronimo's band were returned to them at Fort Pickens, and then they all moved on to other places of incarceration. Pima: (Pima, Papago, and Maricopa Indians): (Pima, Papago, and Maricopa Indians of the Gila The artists had to have earned the right to make these images through their individual bravery in battle. Round Valley: (Concow, Little Lake, Redwood, Pit River, Potter Valley, Between 1875 and 1878, seventy-two Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, and Caddo men were imprisoned there because of their involvements in events connected to the Red River Wars in Indian Territory (later Oklahoma). Customer Service E-mail: customerservice@longleafservices.org | Book Orders E-mail: orders@longleafservices.org | Journals Customer Service E-mail: journals@unl.edu, 2023 University of Nebraska Press | 1225 L Street, Suite 200 | Lincoln, NE 68588-0630. "Indian Discovery of U.S. Cavalry"Koba, or Wild Horse, or Etahdleuh (Kiowa), drawn between 1875 and 1878 at Fort Marion, Florida. They explore the link between their tribal history, the coming of the European settlers, and their lives today. Imagine tearing apart a bible, or a Shakespearean first folio, and scattering the pages to the highest bidder. after 23 years in captivity, Geronimo died of pneumonia at Fort Sill. At some, such as the controversial Carlisle Indian Industrial School, some young people were encouraged to continue to paint, so their works could be sold off to wealthy patrons or souvenir-hunting tourists for profit. They have assisted PILA (Plains Indian Ledger Art) in creating a comprehensive archive of complete Ledger books and individual Ledger drawings for public access and research. Bureau of Indian Affairs Records | National Archives Sign up and get your dose of art history delivered straight to your inbox! The National Park Service, in coordination with Flagler College, continues to learn and develop new ways to interpret these significant periods in the history of Castillo de San Marcos. Know the tribeand understand how the tribes name and geographic location may have changed. If your family is from the Southeast and you are looking for an Indian ancestor after 1840, then the odds of proving Native American ancestry are less. The ledger art from Fort Marion is viewed by art historians today as a continuation of the rich pictorial Plains Indian traditions. He included petitions from Making Medicine and from Minimic. The Indians had been defeated by the U.S. Cavalry. But take a look and you will discover some of the most exciting and surprising indigenous artworks. Have you heard of Ledger Art? The prisoners arrived in chains and shackles and were forced to sleep on. Forte) Subagencies, Bois Forte (Nett Lake), Cass and Winnibigoshish, Fond du of the Camp Verde, Fort McDowell, and Salt River Reservations): 1932-33 (with birth and death rolls, 1924-32), (Apache Indians of the Camp Verde Reservation). The gallery features documents that reflect major events and themes in American history from the Smithsonian's collections, public institutions, and private collections. He also provided them with English lessons. U.S. Orders and Customer Service: 800-848-6224 | U.S. Fax Orders and Customer Service: 800-272-6817 Brule Sioux Indians): (Lower Yanktonai Sioux and Lower Brule Sioux affiliated Indians). Island Reservations). Nokkoist (Bear's Heart), 1851-1882, Bear's Heart and Ohettoint Drawing Book, Cheyenne, Central Plains, ca. On June 12, 1870, White Horse led a raiding party on an attack on Fort Sill in Indian Territory and stole seventy-three mules. A group of prisoners in 1877 is shown above. Indians, and Apache prisoners of war or Fort Sill Apache): (Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Fort Sill Apache, Wichita, and They continue the conversation of rebellion, resistance, and resilience. Cheyenne Chiefs Lean Bear and Heap of Birds. However, a 1996 exhibition, Plains Indian Drawings, at the Drawing Centre in New York, had changed his life: I went 40 or 50 times. We love art history and writing about it. A closer look at the Plains Indian Ledger Drawings for American Indian agencies under my care is sent you requesting indentification by . See also Texas portal Second Battle of Adobe Walls In 1837, during the lengthy Second Seminole War, dozens of Seminoles were taken prisoner, including the prominent leaders Osceola and Coacoochee (Wild Cat). In addition to arresting known leaders, army officers had arbitrarily singled out young men from the line of surrendering Indians, labeled them ring leaders, and arrested them. These ledgers show us a moment in art history. Haskell (Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Iowa, and Sauk and Fox Indians): Hayward (Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa Indians): Hoopa Valley: (Hupa or Hoopa and Klamath Indians). Portage, Lac Courte Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, and Red Cliff Chippewa Indians). Amy Larner Giroux has been drawn to the mysteries of cemeteries since she was 16, when she would go to graves with a box of matches to light her way, writing down the names of the dead and putting them in a coffee can. White River Ute Indians): Umatilla: (Cayuse, Umatilla, and Wallawalla Indians 101: The Fort Marion Prisoners - Daily Kos Fort Marion Prisoners and the Trauma of Native Education is an evocative work of creative nonfiction, weaving together history, oral traditions, and personal experience to tell the story of these Indian prisoners. Courte Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, Red Cliff, Rice Lake, and Vermillion Lake After Adobe Walls' fight, in June 1874, he joined Guipago and the Comanche under Quanah in the Red River War. "To experience the surroundings, the building, the walls, the cold, the dampness, I had to experience that myself to know what he went through, and the other prisoners," Yellowman said. These remarkable drawings constitute a unique recordof a pivotal time in American history, and serve to greatly expand our understanding and appreciation of life as it was lived by these young warrior artists. Candy's remote, rain soaked farmhouse clings to a steep-sided valley in rural Wales. (JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address), Captain Pratt and Bishop Whipple Addressing the Prisoners. He attended the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia, then returned home to the newly formed Cheyenne Arapaho reservation in Oklahoma, where he found employment as a carpenter. The works are drawn from the holdings of the Donald Ellis Gallery in New York, the internationally pre-eminent dealer in the field of historical Native American art. St. Augustine has been attacked numerous times. This is a different kind of visual literacy. (Omaha, Ponca, Santee, and Winnebago Indians): Wittenberg (Winnebago Indians of Wisconsin), Ponca and Santee and Yankton Sioux Indians. But this was his first visit to St. Augustine, to Cometsevah's prison. Follower of such elders as Guipago, Satanta and old Satank, he was often associated with Big Tree (or Ado-ete). Osage Annuity Rolls for 18781907 are available on in-house microfilm publication 7RA-35, National Archives Identifier. Yuki, Wailaki, and Nomelaki Indians), Concow, Little Lake, Redwood, Pit River, Nomelaki, Tule River Reservations, and public domain Indians), (Indians of Fort Bidwell, Round Valley, and Tule River Reservations The University of Nebraska Press is part of a land-grant institution with campuses and programs on the past, present, and future homelands of the Pawnee, Ponca, Otoe-Missouria, Omaha, Dakota, Lakota, Kaw, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Peoples, as well as those of the relocated Ho-Chunk, Sac and Fox, and Iowa Peoples. Indians). Renamed Fort Marion by the U.S. Army in the 1820s, fort storerooms were converted into prison cells and were used later to incarcerate many American Indian tribal members, including the Apache, Arapaho, Caddo, Cheyenne, Comanche, Kiowa, and Seminole. The Fort Marion Prisoners | Native American Netroots While most of the prisoners were men, the group included one Cheyenne woman prisoner-Buffalo Calf Woman, the wife of Medicine Water-who had killed a non-Indian farmer. Ledger art by Cheyenne leader Making Medicine is shown above. Some are over 1,000 years old. I was completely and utterly blown away by the response. From time to time, Indian dances were staged for important visitors. 2 | Genealogy Notes By James P. Collins An 1890 Bureau of the Census report on Indians has a few items of genealogical importance. Great Lakes (Chippewa and Potawatomi Indians): Green Bay (Menominee, Oneida, and Stockbridge Cantonment (Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians): Carson (chiefly Paiute, Shoshoni, and Washo University of Nebraska Press. However, Little Fingernail did eventually lose his precious book when he was killed by army forces in Montana. Donald Ellis Gallery has been servicing private collectors, corporations, and museums since 1976. Okanagon, Joseph's Band of Nez Perce, and Moses, Band of Columbia Indians. Detail. Plains Indian Incarceration - U.S. National Park Service On July 9, 1870, the Kiowa Indians made a raid into Montague County, Texas. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Resurrecting the voices and experiences of the prisoners who underwent a painful regimen of assimilation, Diane Glancys work is part history, part documentation of personal accounts, and a search for imaginative openings into the lives of the prisoners who left few of their own records other than carvings in their cellblocks and the famous ledger books. Prominent examples of Ledger Art were created at Fort Marion, in St. Augustine, Florida, where more than 70 southern Plains warriors were imprisoned without trial by the military from 1875 to 1878. Using her research, the National Cemetery Administration plans to replace the Six Unknown Indians grave markers with headstones that show the names of the warriors, the tribe they belonged to and the date of their deaths. Many of the prisoners were uncertain whether their lives were in danger or just how long the imprisonment would last. He was responsible for their physical well-being.The size and layout of the fort gave room to house approximately 150 people, but the military placed all 502 Apaches within its walls as prisoners. The artists were also encouraged to sign their works as this made them more valuable to a public which was accustomed to European art. The American Counter-Narrative of Ledger Drawings N. Cooney and lt. F. R. Vincent, got the Indians, but were forced to retreat after suffering two casualties (lt. Vincent himself, deadly wounded, and a "Buffalo Soldier"); ten Indians (four in the assault on the wagon train and six in the fight against the "Buffalo Soldiers") were reported to have been killed. Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Lake, and White Oak Point Reservations. Indians, and Apache prisoners of war): (Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Wichita, and Caddo for 1938). Santee: (Santee and Flandreau Sioux and Ponca Indians). The Fort Marion Prisoners February 24, 2012adminIndians 1010 Following the so-called Red River wars in Oklahoma and Texas in 1875, the army had intended to try Indian leaders and warriors before a military commission, but the attorney general ruled that a military trial would be illegal as a state of war cannot exist between a nation and its wards. Native Americans imprisoned at Fort Marion, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Native_Americans_imprisoned_at_Fort_Marion&oldid=1116225326, Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government, Native American people of the Indian Wars, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 15 October 2022, at 13:35. or Snake Indians): (Klamath, Modoc, Paiute, and other Indians): (Lac du Flambeau, Bad River, and Red Cliff Chippewa The ceremonies in November were powerfully moving and meaningful, he said. 98).The data on the rolls vary, but usually given are the English and/or Indian name of the person, roll number, age or date of . Pages in category "Native Americans imprisoned at Fort Marion" The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. . They could make an unkind husband homeless by throwing his few belongings out of the tepee! The Ontario, Washington D.C., October 29, 1914. Puyallup, Quinaielt, Skokomish, Squaxon, and other Indians): Quapaw (Eastern Shawnee, Miami, Modoc, Ottawa, Giroux is still working to discover the identity of other Native American prisoners who died at Fort Marion in the 1870s. FL researchers try to identify Native American St. Augustine graves After that exhibition I became obsessed with Ledger Drawings.. They used these new tools to expand and experiment with their art, transitioning to a completely new form. Art produced by people who had been pushed off the land of their ancestors by white settlers. Chippewa Indians): (Bad River, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Lac Courte Oreilles, Grand Rapids (Winnebago Indians of Wisconsin). Apache Incarceration - U.S. National Park Service On June 22 in an attack on a cattle drive on the Chisolm Trail, White Horse killed and scalped two men, prior to the arrival of a cavalry detachment which drove them off. Indians): (Clallam, Lummi, Muckleshoot, Nooksak, Port Madison or Suquamish, Here are the names she knows now: Giroux also tells of Cheyenne Chief Grey Beard, who rather than be imprisoned escaped from a train carrying prisoners to Jacksonville where they would then travel by boat to St. Augustine. Eleven of the Comanche and Kiowa prisoners were actually Mexican captives who had been raised as tribal members. Painting on animal skins and hides was a vital part of the Native American tradition. In the 20th century, in a further insult to Native Americans, many ledger books were taken apart, and individual paintings were sold on to collectors and commercial galleries. While most returned to the blanket in spite of the intense efforts to assimilate them to non-Indian ways, seventeen went to Virginia to attend the Hampton School for Negroes. Indians): Cushman (Skokomish, Clallam, Chehalis, Squaxin Island Nisqualli, In 1875 at the end of the Southern Plains Indian Wars, seventy-two of the worst prisoners were taken by train from Fort Sill in Indian Territory, which later became Oklahoma, to an abandoned stone fort on the Atlantic Ocean: Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida. The National Anthropological Archive at the Smithsonian has around 2,000 individual items of Ledger art, possibly the largest collection in the world. A Moment In Time Poignant and evocative, these ledgers are rich in detail and steeped in history. Similarly, Cheyenne leader Zotom remained in the east and changed his name to Paul Caryl Zotom. Crow Creek (Lower Yanktonai Sioux and Lower Indians): Fort Bidwell (Paiute, Pit River, and Digger Indians). Plains Indians - Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (U.S Native American art is a narrative record of tribal activity and women played an important role within Plains culture. Fort Marion (now Castillo de San Marcos) was used as a prison for Native Americans during conflicts in the 19th Century (1837, the 1870's, and 1880's). This list may not reflect recent changes. 136 pages Fort Marion Prisoners, 1875-1878 | Carlisle Indian School | CCHS As contemporary artist Terrance Guardipee says: my art tells people that we are still here.. 1876. After the Indian wars subsided, President Grant's Attorney General concluded that a state of war could not exist between a nation and its wards (which the federally recognized tribes were considered). Native Americans imprisoned at Fort Marion . Indians), Sacramento: (Indians of Fort Bidwell, Round Valley, and Indians; Potawatomi Indians for 1920), Kiowa: (Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Caddo, and Wichita and Giroux Is associate director of the University of Central Florida's Center for Humanities and Digital Research, supporting professors and grad students. They are believed to have been buried in those unnamed graves. Native American Ancestry - Genealogy & Family History Reservations, Cass and Winnibigoshish, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Caddo Indians). The vibrancy of the colors and the almost visceral sense of motion . and Squaxin Island Indians): (Chehalis, Nisqually, Quinaielt, Skokomish, and Squaxin "Eric Gary Anderson, Diane Glancy inhabits a world of images that breathe life and voice for the voiceless men, women, and children. [2] White Horse took part in many raids, including the Warren Wagon Train Raid, on May 11, 1871 on Salt Creek Prairie in Texas, along with Satank, Satanta, Zepko-ete, Mamanti, Big Tree (and, perhaps, Guipago himself), but he wasn't arrested nor involved in the trial in Jacksboro. Sauk and Fox of the Missouri, and Chippewa and Christian or Munsee Indians). Suppression of Native American culture was widespread. Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox," was born at his family's plantation in Berkeley County, South Carolina in 1732. while the other Chiricahua went to Fort Marion. They scattered a herd of cattle, killed two yoke of oxen, stole nine horses, one mule, a large amount of provisions, one tent, one wagon-cover, etc., all of which property was at the time owned by and in the possession of Colonel Samuel Newitt Wood.[1]. The courtyard at Fort Marion is shown above. White Horse (Kiowa leader) - Wikipedia Glancy creates a multilayered narrative about the Kiowa, Cheyenne, Comanche, and Arapaho Indians, who became prisoners of the United States government during the late nineteenth century. The craft, creativity, and imagination with which she renders this amazing text powerfully draw the reader into the world of the Fort Marion prisoners. Wohaw died in 1924. An example of Kiowa ledger art is shown above. Fort Marion Prisoners and the Trauma of Native Education Artistic expression among indigenous peoples in America covers just about every art form you can mention painting on bark, hides, and skins; wood and bone carving; masks; totem poles; sand painting; weaving; beading; jewelry, and pottery. Geronimo and his warriors spent many days working hard labor at the fort in direct violation of the agreements made at Skeleton Canyon. Warriors tended to paint representational designs people and animals in scenes celebrating battles and hunting scenes. The style is quite unusual to a Western or European eye. Seneca, and Wyandot Indians): Absentee Shawnee, Mexican Kickapoo, and Citizen Potawatomi Fort Marion Prisoners and the Trauma of Native Education is an evocative work of creative nonfiction, weaving together history, oral traditions, and personal experience to tell the story of these Indian prisoners. The fort has a long history, as it was completed in 1695, and used by Spanish, British and United States forces throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, as each tried to wrestle control of Florida away from each other and the native populations who lived here. From an Indian perspective, no crimes had been committed. Shave Head uses a two level drawing to show a buffalo hunt with four wounded animals, and a separate hunt with the wounding of an elk. Foreign Orders and Customer Service: 919-966-7449 | Foreign Fax Orders and Customer Service 919-962-2704 Over the top of a dull line of numbers recording trading prices and stocks, we might now see a horse at full gallop over the landscape, or a young warrior in gorgeously decorated leggings. Your email address will not be published. Following a massive military defeat of the Arapaho, Comanche, Kiowa and Southern Cheyenne in the Red River War of 1874-75, over seventy young warriors were incarcerated, without trial, for three years at Fort Marion. ", Giroux's recent project has been particularly meaningful: She has been researching burial sites in St. Augustine (Florida)National Cemetery where there are two separate graves, each with a headstone inscribed Six Unknown Indians., UNF archaeologist: 'No doubt' that digs have found ancient coastal Native American village. The buffalo had been slaughtered. You have to let the intense economy of the images tell you their story. Cass and Winnibigoshish, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Geronimo Held Captive at Fort Pickens - ThoughtCo Despite his attendance at the treaty signing he conducted frequent raids upon other tribes and white settlers. Pratt recommended that the Indians be set free. With galleries like Donald Ellis, they seek to reposition Plains Indian Ledger drawings as profoundly significant works of American art. Courte Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, Red Cliff, and Vermillion Lake Chippewa Paper may have been a symbol of an invasive culture, but tribal peoples quickly took advantage of this ready access to paper, pencils, paints, and ink. A testimony of lives full of energy and spirit in the last days of the American frontier. Status: All They were constantly kept under guard. Provided with paper, crayon, watercolour and ink, approximately twenty-six of the prisoners were encouraged to create drawings of their traditional lives on the Plains. Contact Gallery for rights. See microfilm description M1831, roll 1, for the complete list of tribes. The other important difference was authorship. A complete ledger was like a modern-day blog or a social media scroll, showing us in great detail the lives, preoccupations, and dreams of a people. In 1878, Indian prisoners of war held at Fort Marion were released to the custody of the Indian Office (now called the Bureau of Indian Affairs). That group was comprised of 74 Native Americans selected from both the Darlington Agency and Fort Sill. Indians). By using rigorous military discipline, Pratt intended to force the Indians to assimilate totally into American culture. Other public collections can be found at The National Museum of the American Indian in New York, The Milwaukee Public Museum, The Hood Museum of Art, and at PILA (Plains Indian Ledger Art Digital Publishing Project). Between Two Worlds: Indian Imprisonment at Castillo de San Marcos ", 'No doubt' that digs have found ancient coastal Native American village, imprisoned and died at Fort Marion, now the Castillo de San Marcos, art created by Cheyenne warriors while they were prisoners, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. His great-great-grandfather managed to make it home to Oklahoma, where he passed away, but he never spoke of his imprisonment, Yellowman said. In November a series of events in Florida honored the memory of the imprisoned Native Americans. Some of the names to look out for include Merle Locke, Terrance Guardipee, Donald Montileaux, and Dolores Purdy. Thus the Indians were simply imprisoned without a trial. The creation of a ledger book was often a communal effort. "Those are the rabbit holes I go down. The warriors ride tightly together behind the herd. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Piney Grove Cemetery there. Neah Bay (Makah, Ozette, Quileute, and Hoh Indians): Nett Lake (Bois Fort Band of Chippewa Indians), Nisqually and Skokomish (Puyallup, Skokomish, Nisqualli, Although Ledger Drawings had occasionally been sold or traded with locally stationed members of the U.S. Army between 1860-70, a comprehensive commercialization of Ledger Art was fully realized with a group of exceptional drawings created between 1875-78 at Fort Marion, in St. Augustine, Florida. of the House of Representatives for the 1st Session of the 52nd Congress, 1891-92, serial set volume 3016) An examination of the annual . In 1878 he and the other Kiowa prisoners were returned to the reservation in Indian Territory near Fort Sill. Donald Ellis hopes to take a collection of Ledger artworks on tour across the United States in 2022, exhibiting them within the indigenous communities who first made them. This list may not reflect recent changes . (Bad River, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Lac In St. Augustine, Florida they were imprisoned at Fort Marion, the place now known as the Castillo de San Marcos Conditions at Fort Marion Conditions at the fort were bleak. Contact. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, *The Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940, (National Archives Microfilm Publication, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records, Albuquerque School (Pueblo and Navajo Indians), Birch Cooley Agency (Mdewakanton Sioux Indians). He would join other Kiowa as well as tribe members of the Comanche, Caddo, Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho imprisoned at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida. Carlisle Indian Industrial School - Wikipedia Yuki, Wailaki, and other Indians, Sac and Fox, Oklahoma: (Sauk and Fox, Iowa, Citizen Potawatomi, 38, No. Plains Indian Art C3938S - Adobe Gallery, Santa Fe. Docs. Studies in American Indian Literature, Series 2, Vol 18, No 2, Summer 2006, pp. The forts and their key location on this confluence . The raiding would continue until April 19, 1875 when he and his band surrendered at Fort Sill. Castillo de San Marcos Florida Plains Indian Incarceration May 1875-April 1878 In 1875, a group of prisoners were brought to St. Augustine from Indian Territory. Absentee Shawnee, Mexican Kickapoo, Citizen It was really to draw all of that chapter of Floridas history," she said. (Chehalis, Nisqualli, Quileute, Quinaielt, Skokomish, (Kansa or Kaw, Oto, Pawnee, Ponca, and Tonkawa USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration She raises cats, chickens and children with varying degrees of success. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, American Indian and Alaska Native Records in the National Archives, Baker Rolls, 19241929 (Eastern Cherokee), Indian Census Rolls, 18851940 (Multiple Agencies and Tribes), Dawes Rolls, 18961914 (Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma), Guion Miller Rolls, 19061911 (Eastern Cherokee, Return to Researching American Indians Main Page, Special Reports in the Guion Miller Roll Records, RE: Im Russell Ontiveros I was told that my Father Fransico Ontiveros was Native American how can I find out if I have native blood line, Find answers to your research questions at, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records.
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